Propeller.



H. & S. H. HAWKINS.

PROPELLER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 8, 1910.

Smnnhiro WM 5% {MM W W Q Patented Aug. 29, 1911.

BNTTE HENRY HAWKINS AND SAMUEL HENRY HAWKINS, OF CHELIVISFORD, ENGLAND.

PROPELLER.

mower.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 29, 1911.

Application filed June 8, 1910. Serial No. 565,838.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, HENRY HAWKINS and SAMUEL HENRY HAWKINS, subjects of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, re siding at 25 Regina road, Ghelmsford, in the county of Essex, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Propellers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in connection with rotary propellers of various kinds, such as propellers for vessels, air and liquid pumps, or turbines, fans and the like, and consists more especially in an improved form of blade which obtains a strong grip upon the fluidaand causes it to be driven out in a definitely directed column.

The blade we propose to employ is in the form of a fiat cone with straight sides but slightly rounded apex. The blades are mounted at one edge upon the shaft, drum or other rotating body at such angles as to give the desired result according to the object of the apparatus. Propellers having this blade avoid churning of the fiuid but obtain a strong grip upon it and prevent it being thrown off at the periphery.

In order that our invention may be more readily understood, reference is had to the accompanying sheet of drawings in which Figure 1 is a side elevation and Fig. 2 a back elevation of a propeller provided with propeller blades according to our invention; Fig. 3 is also a side elevation of the blades and shaft, showing the former in edge view, with the front one in section; Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively a back View of a blade and a cross section, both with the shaft in section; and Fig. 6 shows an arrangement suitable for a turbine, with two sets of blades turning in opposite directions.

Figs. 1 to 5 show the propeller blades mounted upon a shaft in such a manner as to form a substitute for the ordinary screw propeller, but the blades may be arranged at any suitable angles and may, for example in centrifugal pumps, be fixed parallel with the axis, instead of at a substantial angle as in the arrangement illustrated. Two blades A are shown fixed to the propeller shaft B at one edge and tilted at a substantial angle, as shown especially in Fig. 3. Our propeller blade is of circular or disk form and is, as shown in section in Figs. 3 and 5, of conical shape. The form we use is that of a very shallow cone with slightly rounded apex, as illustrated in the drawings. For use as an ordinary propeller we find that the depth of the cone should be about an eighth of the blade diameter but for use as an air propeller, for instance, on airships or aeroplanes, the depth should be greater. To provide the necessary strength at the junction of the shaft and blade a thickened portion or rib a is formed at the back of the blade and this thickened portion is set back, so that it is well behind the forward edge a of the propeller and ofiers no obstruction to the stream flowing over the forward part of the blade.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 6 shows the employment of these blades in a water turbine. In the special construction illustrated, two shafts C and C turning in opposite directions, have each four blades A tilted at opposite angles. The liquid impinging on the first set of blades is directed at an angle on to the second set, which it drives in the opposite direction, power being taken 05 from both shafts at the same end or at opposite ends as desired. The apparatus may be used with or without guides. Sets of blades may also be placed one behind the other on the same shaft.

Blades of this circular coned form obtain a greatly increased grip upon the water or other fluid and prevent to a great extent the centrifugal action of an ordinary propeller, which gives rise to considerable waste of power in churning up the fluid. A propeller constructed according to this invention ejects the fluid directly behind or in front, so as to form a fairly coherent column and give the maximum reaction in the desired direction. Propellers of this type are especially suitable for use on aerial apparatus of the helicopter type, affording a direct lift of great efficiency. They are also equally adapted for the direct propulsion of airships and aeroplanes and for the utilization of wind or water power in various forms.

What We claim as our invention and de- In' Witness whereof We have hereunto set sire to secure by Letters Patent is our hands in the presence of tWo Witnesses. 10

In rotary propellers, blades made in the HENRYJHAWVKINS form of a shallow cone secured upon aboss "SAMUEL HENRY-HfAWVKINS in 2L tilted position, having a strengthening I rib on the back of the cone extending from WVitnesses:

the boss and set behind the center, substan- FRANK WV. PATTISON, tially as herein described. G110. H. RAYNER.

Gppies: of. chiswpatentvmayvbe-obtaineddfonfivercents:ieach; ibyiaddressing the Commissioner-of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

